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Most liquids when chilled contract by about 10 percent. Water does too, but only down to a
point. Once it is within whispering distance of freezing, it begins—perversely, beguilingly,
extremely improbably—to expand. By the time it is solid, it is almost a tenth more
voluminous than it was before. Because it expa nds, ice floats on water — “an utterly bizarre
property,” according to John Gribbin. If it lacked this splendid waywardness, ice would sink,
and lakes and oceans would freeze from the bottom up. Without surface ice to hold heat in,
the water’s warmth would radiat e away, leaving it even chillie r and creating yet more ice.
Soon even the oceans would freeze and almost certa inly stay that way for a very long time,
probably forever—hardly the conditions to nu rture life. Thankfully for us, water seems
unaware of the rules of chemistry or laws of physics

Bill Bryson. A Short History of Nearly Everything

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